Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Chemicals Together in an Effort to be Greener Essay Example for Free
Chemicals Together in an Effort to be Greener Essay Alhamdulillah, first of all, I would like to thank Allah as I could finish my chemistry assignment with the title of Chemistry in your daily life. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those that help me, contribute their suggestion and opinion in doing this assignment from the beginning until finish because, without their help, I might have little problem in this research. Even though a few problems occurred when doing the assignment but luckily it can be settled down. With a lot of effort, finally, this task can be sent to our lecturer before the submission date as well. Furthermore, a special thanks to my lecturer chemistry, Dr. Musfiroh bt Jani that deliver this assignment and explain clearly how to do this assignment with the concept of chemistry and how to applied it in daily life to make sure we can score chemistry and understand the true meaning of chemistry. We can do this without her as she guides and fix our mistakes from starting of this assignment and want to improve the new one so this assignment can be completely finished and get a better result. Next, big thanks go to other Chemistry lecturers that teach me and guide me as long as I was a student and will make sure I can understand properly what is chemistry, why we need to learn chemistry and the important thing is we learn this to understand the knowledge to apply in real life, not because the exam. They also teach me how to produce a good assignment and report. Moreover, many thanks to my parents that support me from for with their contribution especially by providing money to me as I need to find references and they also help me in give an idea to make sure I can finish my assignment. Last but not least, thanks to my friends that always support and stick with me when hard and happy in this life and for those who are directly and indirectly support and help me with the assignment. Have you ever wondered why ice melts a water evaporates? Why do leaves turn colors in the fall, and how does a battery generate electricity? Why does keeping foods cold slow their spoilage, and how do our bodies use food to maintain life? There are a lot of nature and phenomena life that happens around us that involved chemistry. Have you wondered what is chemistry? And what chemistry can do in our life? How chemistry can be important and relates to our life? All the question can be answered in Chemistry as chemistry provides really important understanding and how it can be applying in our daily life as a human. That is the reason why we need to study chemistry. By studying chemistry, we can learn to use powerful language and ideas to describe what happened because chemistry is universal science that covered all the process around us include matter and also the process of humans. Chemistry? What crossed in your mine about chemistry? Either about chemistry with friends, chemistry in doing the same things, chemistry in a relationship for couples or anything else. Yes, that’s all true but in science actually, chemistry is a study of matter, properties, and its behavior. Chemistry also provides an understanding background of matter which it can be divided by atoms, molecules, gas. Atoms are smallest particles of elements that exist surrounding us. It is made of three tiny particles that called subatomic particles which is protons, neutrons, and electrons. The center of the atom, called nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. Every single thing in this world is made up of matter include our bodies. Chemistry is relating to everything in life and it is a large branch that needed by everyone. Not only doctor, but the dentist, pharmacist, nurse, geologist, and others need chemistry too. Chemistry can be divided into five main branches which are very wide in the application of life. The first is analytical chemistry which discusses uses qualitative and quantitative observation to identify and measure the physical and chemical properties of substances. In fact, all chemistry is analytical chemistry. Secondly is physical chemistry. As we know, physical chemistry is discussed physics combine with chemistry. Its about how matter can interact with energy. The important things in this topics are thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The third branch of chemistry is organic chemistry which studies in compounds that contains carbon element. Carbon has many unique properties that allow it to form complex chemical bonds and very large molecules. Inorganic chemistry studies a materials such gases and metals that do not contain carbon as part of their make up. Last but not least is biochemistry is study of chemical processes that occur between organisms. Try to imagine the world without chemistry.
Monday, January 20, 2020
philhealths indigent program :: essays research papers
CHAPTER I. RATIONALE Introduction      The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation was created by Republic Act No. 7875 to administer the National Health Insurance Program which is designed to provide health insurance coverage and ensure affordable, acceptable and health services for all Filipinos.      The Enhanced â€Å"PCSO Greater Medicare Access (GMA) Program†is a partnership forged by four important agencies of the government: the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO), the Local Government Unit (LGU), Department of Budget and Management (DBM), the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) and other national government agencies (NGAs) such as DILG, DSWD, DAR, DOH. The Enhanced PCSO GMA Program is a realization of the common goals of PCSO, PhilHealth, DBM and the LGUs of the intention to enroll 5 million indigent families nationwide institutionalizing an integrated health care financing and delivery mechanism that ensures accessible, affordable and quality health care to all underprivileged Filipinos. The Program started its enrollment on February 2004 and ended on May 2004. The validity of this card is for a year and can be renewed through the Local Government Units (LGUs).      For the implementation of the Program, PCSO allocated P1.5 billion as assistance for the payment of the local government unit (LGU) premium counterpart to PhilHealth for 2004, initially utilized the P1 billion â€Å"Stand By Fund†approved by the PCSO Board. DBM, on the other hand, assured the release of P1.5 billion to PhilHealth for the national government (NG) premium counterpart for the would be indigent. CHAPTER II. OBEJCTIVES 1.     To be able to identify the qualified members 2.     To be able to know the membership process 3.     To be able to identify the program benefits 4.     To be able know the number of indigents enrolled in Region VIII. 5.     To be able to identify the number of claims from the enrolled members. 6.     To determine the controversies behind the card CHAPTER III. SCOPE AND LIMITATION      The study is confined only to Region VIII which composes the provinces of: Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar, Southern Leyte and Western Samar. Chapter IV. Methodology      The primary data were gathered through interviews with the Membership & Marketing Division, Finance Division, Claims Division and Management Information System of PhilHealth.      In the secondary data, the researcher used the information from PhilHealth, news clippings from the newspapers and the Internet. CHAPTER V. DATA ANALYSIS Table I. Number of Indigents Enrolled In Eastern Samar Municipality     No. Of Indigents Enrolled     Percentage           Arteche     1,142     3.27% Balangiga     686     1.96% Balangkayan     991     2.84% Borongan     5,398     15.46% Can-avid     1,909     5.47% Dolores     3,575     10.24% Gen. Macarthur     505     1.45% Giporlos     1,092     3.13% Guiuan     2,933     8.40% Hernani     869     2.49% Jipapad     315     0.90% Lawaan     953     2.73% Llorente     1,309     3.75% Maslog     40     0.11% Maydolong     1,154     3.31% Mercedes     459     1.31% Oras     3,121     8.94% Quinapondan     1,489     4.26% Salcedo     1,015     2.91% San Julian     1,220     3.49% San Policarpo     1,888     5.41% Sulat     1,311     3.75% Taft     1,540     4.41% TOTAL     34,914     100.00%      In Eastern Samar, the highest number of indigents enrolled was the Municipality of Borongan with a total of 5, 398 or 15.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Online Library System
Chapter 1 The Problem and its Background Introduction As science and technology continues to advance, most of the manual task has been transformed into cybernet operation in order to cope up with the trend of the age. The fast pace makes any invention obsolete in a few years time. Today people at work and in whatever field of the study consider the computer as a huge help. For instance, in storing and printing documents in mathematical operation, a computer could provide fast tracking work within this area, unlike in manual operation wherein access is very limited.Inspired by the continuing effort raised by some pre need agencies in giving opportunities to some people in securing their future, the researchers come up with the idea of conducting a study about thecurrent Library Management Sytem of Asian Development Foundation College. It is designed for the convenience of the management on keeping track and storing information. The proposed system will serve the user in many ways thro ugh a speedy, tedious and dependable system. For decades the library of Asian Development Foundation College still follows the traditional system never hindering the production of competitive graduates.But sad to say, a large part of their students hardly visits the library at all. Maybe because it is located at the fifth floor of the six-storied building or preferred books in the library takes effort and time for the hectic scheduled students of ADFC. The researchers planned to develop an Online Library Management System they believe it could be the solution to the problem. It will certainly reduce consumption of time, money, effort and stress. Human errors will be lessened and users, whether students or librarians, will enjoy a more carefree environment making an Online Library Management System highly recommended. Statement of the Problem The Online Library Management System is exclusively designed for Asian Development Foundation College. It aims to answer the following: 1. What are the problems encountered on the current LibraryManagementSytem? 2. What system may be proposed to improve the current Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College? 3. What are the inputs needed in developing the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College? 4.What are the assessments of the respondents on the developed Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College in terms of: a. Contents? b. Usefulness? Theoretical Framework According to Mike Lance Richards â€Å"Information Processing Theory, is a concept of information processing states that this theory is primarily concern with the study of memory and on the evaluation of information†. Like computer the human mind takes in information and performs operation when needed and retrieval. Having accurate information in conducting the study it will help in the process evaluation primary concern. According to Jean Piaget â€Å"Constructivism Theory , knowledge is not about the world but rather constitutive of the world†. Knowledge is not a fixed about the individual through his practice of the object constructs it. A person who has the exact knowledge of a certain activity is so much important. When people work collaboratively in an authentic activity they bring their own framework and perspective to the activity. They can see the problems form different perspective and are able to negotiate and generate meaning and solution through shared understanding. 3According to Charles M. Reigeluth, â€Å"Elaboration Theory of Instruction deals with the macro level of instruction. †It is primarily concerned with the sequencing of ideas as opposed to the individual ideas themselves and examples relating to them. The sequencing of ideas relates to fundamental and representational ideas or core principles. This theory serves as foundation from which more specific maybe developed. 4 The three theories which are the Information Processing, Constructivism and Elaboration Theories, was used by the researcher as basis for their study.First, the Information Processing Theory helps gather accurate information in order to perform their operations. While Constructivism Theory, researchers, works collaboratively in an authentic activity from different perspective that enables them to generate meaning and solution through their shared understanding, while in Elaboration Theory of Instruction, this serves as their foundation in sequencing of ideas that may be developed a more specific and in analyzing of a specific program. Conceptual FrameworkThe basis for conceptualizing the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College which is proposed by the researchers is that it can help visualize the path that the aforementioned system would be heading to. The researchers used the paradigm shown below which consist of the inputs needed, the process that would take place, and the proposed output of the project. Fig. 1. 1 Schematic Diagram of the development of the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation CollegeSignificance of the Study The result of the study on the online room rental and reservation system is significant of the following: To the Institution The study will provide vital information regarding to their Library Management to identify problem relevant to the maintenance, disposal and/or acquisition of needed materials for their institution to make more efficient and effective in meeting customer needs. To the LibrarianThe librarian of the school library will be greatly benefitted with this Online library Management System because they will no longer need to manually process every transaction and the system automatically load the e-books online once the guest want to read the desired book. The librarian have to do is to input the title of the book, publisher, date of publish and upload the PDF format or Microsoft word format of the book an d it will be save to the servers database. To the Students/InstructorsThey will have a more convenient time in reading books and don’t have to come to the school library to borrow or read books instead they will just access the online library management of the said institution from the internet. To the Researchers The researchers are benefited in this study as well mainly for having to develop employability skills, implement a career plan, and hone each skills and participant in career pathway in preparation for the researchers’ career in the industry. To the Future ResearchersThis study can serve as reference to future researchers in conducting similar researches in the future. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The focus of the developer’s research is to know the current library management system of Asian Development Foundation College, discover easier ways to improvise the current system and develop a computerized version of it to lessen the burden of work o f both students/instructors and of the librarian’s. The proposed study is about the development of an Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College.The proposed system has the capability to upload, manage and view e-books online, secure the e-books and make sure that it can only be view and not downloaded by any unauthorized guest or client. A search index is also added for the users to easily track the available e-books online. With this system the librarian and the other personnel in-charge of the library will have a less stress in work and the clients or students can read e-books anywhere and don’t have to get into the school library to borrow or read books. Login account for different users will be created for database security purpose.The users that can access the system are the librarian, assistant librarian, instructors, working students in the library and students of the institution. The system will have a database that includes addin g of new e-books, modifying and deleting e-books. The system can able to upload e-books in PDF file or Microsoft Word format. The focus of the developer’s research is to know the current Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College discover easier ways to improve the current system and develop a computerized version of it to lessen the burden of work of both the employees and also the students.Definition of Terms For better understanding of the study, the following terms are operationally and conceptually defined. Administrator- Somebody whose job is to manage the affairs of a business, organization, or institution. 5 Book- Means a list compiled for some formal purpose, such as the details of an estate going to probate, or the contents of a house let furnished. 6 Computer- A high speed electronic machine which, performs logical calculation, process, Storage retrieves programmed information. 7Data – raw facts that needs to be processed. 8 Informatio n– Processed Data or is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. 9 Library- is an organized collection of books, other printed materials, and in some cases special materials such as manuscripts, films and other sources of information. 10 Librarian- Is a person in a library who is responsible for the management of the books . 11 Library management – is a sub-discipline of institutional management that focuses on specific issues faced by libraries. 2 Management – is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. 13 Online – indicates a state of connectivity or often refers to the Internet or the World-Wide Web. 14 System – is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole. 15 Software – is a collection of computer programs and related data that pro vides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. 16 Theoretical – Dealing with theory or speculation rather than practical applications. 17Notes 1http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Abstract-For Online Library Management System/610544, June 26, 2012 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4http://www. itcompany. com/forums/essays/Online Library Management System/775489, June 26, 2012 5http://www. wikipedia. com 6Ibid. 7Ibid. 8Ibid. 9Ibid. 10Ibid. 11Ibid. 12Ibid. 13Ibid. 14Ibid. 15Ibid. 16Ibid. Chapter II Review of Related Literature & Studies This chapter includes the purpose of the review of the related literature and studies. The chapter highlights literature and studies relevant to the development of the proposed system. Related Literature ForeignAccording to Irwin O’ Brien in his journal entitled â€Å"Writing in Production and Library Management System†manual information processing systems are simple and inexpensive if the organizational information req uirements are simple and the amount of data to be processed is limited. As information requirements become more complex and the volume of data increases, the speed, accuracy, reliability and economy of using computers for information processing becomes a necessity. It only takes seconds for a computer to perform millions of data processing functions that human being would take years to complete.In this context, all information provided for by the computer is timely. Also, computers can consistently and accurately process large volumes of data according to complex and repetitive processing procedures for a long period of time without failure. However, except for low volume tasks, electronic information processing is more economically justifiable than manual processing1. According to Davidson and Schneider clarified in their Expert System for Library Applications, that Expert systems need not be complex to function well.They further explained that what is good with simple programs is that they allow modifications to be made by subject areas, by simply changing the databases accessed by the program2. According to Godwin Udo in his journal entitled â€Å"Library Management†described that telecommunications technology as a critical organizational asset that can help a institution like school realize important competitive gains in the area of library management. It is little wonder that business experts commonly cite library management as a vital element that can spell the difference between success and failure in today's keenly competitive institutions. Local According to Wilhelma G. Borja, nowadays, computers are popular in the Philippine schools, Offices and homes. Computers make retrieval and searching of information easier and quicker. Needed information, which used to take weeks to get, can be retrieved in a matter of minutes. The author added that the computer aid researchers which, in turn, can help in upgrading the quality of basic education, boost the country’s science and technology education programs, and upgrade programs in vocational technical training. 4 In addition to this, Roman D.Asis said that â€Å"the manual library management system is simple and in expensive if data requirements are simple and the amounts of data to be processed are limited. As information requirements becomes more complex and the volume of data increases the speed, accuracy, reliability, and economy of using computers for library management system has become a necessity. In other words, the major limitations of manual library management system include its inability to handle large volume of work and its reliance to cumbersome and tedious method. 5 Eugenio F. BansalasofCentral Colleges of the Philippines, during the academic year 2008–2009, Library Director of the Central Colleges of the Philippines has expressed that it is difficult to find materials to help new public library managers cultivate their professional development. Mos t of the research and writings on library management have focused on academic libraries and only recently has there been more interest in the administration of public libraries.The skill and style of public library managers – the directors, branch managers, and department and service managers who are leading these institutions strongly affects the culture of a public library. Library staff looks to these managers to help them navigate through the rapid changes that are occurring in public libraries as these changes in technology, roles, and user expectations strongly alter their daily routines of public service.Contemporary library managers need a wider array of skills and attributes than their earlier and more traditionalcounterparts and will need to seek continual professional development to remain effective as public libraries transition into the twenty-first century. These managers will also need to distinguish between management andleadership skills and learn to identify and mentor leaders within their staff who can assist in the transition. 6 Related Studies ForeignAccording to Tereence Pratt which was cited unpublished undergraduate thesis by Reynaldo Ragrag, that the term computer suggest that its primary purpose is to perform mathematical calculations on to compute in the sense of the word; on the other mechanical aid to make difficult, tedious or dangerous task easier in a universal human. 7 According to Arthur W. Clark cited on the unpublished undergraduate thesis by Michael Sanchez, â€Å"the impact of new technology during the period of 1955 – 1975 saw the formation of new public library units and merge of cooperative type organization.In the mid 1970’s even more rapid changed has occurred in the areas of automation and computerization and this change is expected to accelerate in decades ahead. Library routines have been increasingly automated by computerized circulation system. †8 According to Johannes Gutenberg  "many library functions previously performed manually are now available for automated information storage and retrieval systems. For instance, staff can create their own records and databases.Information retrieval has taken on new dimension, and database searching has become an art within the profession. †9 Local â€Å"In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life which is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technological environment and the end-user is society in general†.The excerpt was stated by Josefina Estolas in her dissertation. 10 Science and technologies are essential for national development and progress. The State shall give priority to research and development, invention, and their utilization, a nd to science and technology education since computer power was the critical resource, efficiency of processing became the main goal. Emphasis was placed on automating existing process such as manage and view e-books online, as cited by Jeffrey A. Hernale on the unpublished undergraduate thesis by Francisco D. Salvacion. 1 Libraries in the Philippines started in the late 16th and early 17th century by Spanish religious orders MuseoBiblioteca de Filipinas inaugurated on October 24, 1891 is the forerunner of the National Library of the Philippines March 9, 1990. American Circulating Library was established by the American Circulating Library Association headed by Mrs. Charles Greenleaf. Miss Nellie Young Egbert was the first Librarian of the American Circulating Library in the Philippines. The school of Library and Information studies of the University of the Philippines or UP-SLIS is the oldest library in the Philippines.Formally established in March 1961 as the Institute of Library Science, It can trace its roots to 1914, making it one of the first Library Schools in Asia. It is an independent degree-granting unit of the University of the Philippines Diliman, and offers program in the field of Library and Information Science. Every University Librarian, since the University Library was established in 1922 has grappled with four basic concerns: the book fund, staff development library services and Information Technology.Now, the UP Diliman has trial access to ebrary, an online database of 170,000 electronic books and other authoritative titles from more than 425 leading publishers and aggregators in various discipline. 12 Notes 1O’ Brien, Irwin, Pc Magazine (New York: USA, Feb 12, 1998)Vol. 10July 2, 2012 2Davidson and Schneider, Pc Magazine(New York: USA, Dec 10, 1998)Vol. 12 July 2, 2012 3Godwin Udo, Journal(Library Management) pg. 10-15 July 2, 2012 4Ibid. 5Ibid. 6Ibid. 7Tereence Pratt et, al. , â€Å"A Proposed Online Library Management System forAs ian Development Foundation College. †(Unpublished Undergraduate thesisAsian Development Foundation College, 2006) p. 35 July 2, 2012 8Ibid. 9Ibid. 10Josifina Estolaset. al, â€Å"Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College†(Unpublished Undergraduate thesis, Asian Development Foundation College,2006) p. 30July 2, 2012 11Ibid. 12Ibid. Chapter III Methods and Procedures This chapter contains the methods and procedures in preparation for and in developing the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College.This chapter includes the discussion of research design, research locale of the study, validation of the instruments, research instruments, respondents of the study, research procedures, statistical treatment of data, data gathering technique. Research Design The study used a descriptive survey method of research. A direct inquiry or a personal interview was the tool used in data gathering with a prepared questionnai re as guide, the researchers personally went and ask information about their library management in relation to the proposed Online Library Management System of their institution.It was utilized to get relevant information on the present manual system of the library management so that it could be improved, defining the element of the system quantitatively, describing the nature of the problems encountered in the present manual system and analyzing which best software could be developed to solve the problems cited by the respondents in the study. The researchers use this method because it is easy and more convenient to use in study. Research Locale of the Study The study was conducted in Asian Development Foundation College located at P.Burgos St. TaclobanCity. This was conducted during the firstsemester of the school year 2012-2013. History A young but notably growing institution, whose birth came into reality because of the conception and effort of a Filipino Chinese family residing in TaclobanCity. The institution serves student populace not only from Tacloban City but also from the entire region. Organized on October 24, 1984 well-timed for the birthday celebration of its President and founder, businessman Santiago Chua, the school began operations with pre-elementary courses.Pupils were then housed in the only two available classrooms. The following year, the institution introduces its elementary department, with a progressive grade level offering. Its first elementary graders were graduated in the year 1990. That same year, parents and supporters of its graduates and pupils manifested their recognition and esteem of the institution’s remarkable performance and clamored for the opening of secondary school.Based on their earnest and formal petition, permission to operate was granted by the department of education, culture and sports. Hence, the official establishment of Asian Development Foundation Secondary School in the school year 1990-1991. An unq uestionable special feature of such level was the inclusion of complete computer subjects in the curriculum, the very first in region VIII. The offering of undergraduate courses stated in 1994 through a permit to operate approved on April 27 of the same year.Degree courses which are now available include the following; Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Associate in Computer Science, Associate in Computer Secretarial, Associate in Commercial Science, Bachelor of Science in Commerce, Major in Banking and Finance, Economics, Management, Accounting Management, Entrepreneurial Management and Legal Management. The Asian Development Foundation continues to advance towards its impressive endeavor through the proficient administration of Chua Family with the support of serious involvement of other school officials.This is manifested by the construction of a new 5-storey building which now houses the Collegiate and Graduate school, in addition to the existing school compound in Bliss, Sagkahan in the ADF-extension at the corner of Salazar and Veteranos Street, all located in the city. Tracking back to its humble beginning, it can be gleaned that the Asian Development Foundation is thinking big as it makes headway towards the fulfillment of its mission as a competent learning institution. VisionAsian Development Foundation College as an educational institution dedicated to the development of able professionals, leaders, progressive, efficient and responsible citizens of the country and the world. Mission Asian Development Foundation College as directed towards the developments of its constituents through: 1. Academic excellence, research community service 2. Optimum access to dynamic intellectual, spiritual, moral, and cultural life, and; 3. Responsive and innovative pursuit for human growth. This is the geographical map of Asian Development Foundation College, the research location where the study was conducted.Fig. 3 Geographi cal Location of the Research Locale Respondents of the Study The direct respondents of the researchers gathered data about activities of the library are the librarian and her staffs. It is through them that the researchers were able to know the format of the library’s day-to-day work. Another group of respondents were the instructor and student from the different level of each department namely; Computer Science, Commerce & Accountancy, Liberal Arts and Computer Engineering. Research InstrumentsThe research instrument used in the study is a self–structured questionnaire: for the respondents at ADFC campus to gather their opinions about this proposed Online Library Management System for ADFC library. Validation of Instruments With the permission of the chairman of the Computer Science Department at Asian Development Foundation College, the researchers validated the questionnaires at Eastern Visayas State University. The researchers validated the questionnaires by lettin g the EVSU librarian answer the questionnaire. This procedure was necessary to determine which item on the questionnaire has to be revised or omitted.Research Procedure In order to get the necessary data for the research, the researchers interviewed the librarian of the ADFC campus and distributed the questionnaires to the student respondents of each department and retrieved the questionnaires after the respondents had answered all the questions being asked. The researchers had used three techniques that would really help a lot in developing the Library Management System. One of the techniques is through a format interview, in which the researchers asked the librarian of the library activities, problems and difficulties encountered.Second technique is through questionnaires, which was distributed to the respondents. The third technique is direct observation, in which the researchers observed the operation of the library activities. Statistical Treatment of Data Percentage Formula Th e formula used was: P=[pic]100 Weighted mean this was used to determine the respondent’s assessments in terms of contents and usefulness of the system. Weighted Mean Formula The qualitative description of the weighted mean was determined using the following scales: |Limits of Scale |Qualitative Description | |4. 0 – 5. 00 |Strongly Agree(SA) | |3. 40 – 4. 19 |Agree(A) | |2. 60 – 3. 39 |Neutral(N) | |1. 80 – 2. 59 |Disagree(D) | |1. 00 – 1. 79 |Strongly Disagree(SD) |Chapter IV Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation In this chapter, the interpretation and analysis of the data gathered from the respondents is being discussed. There are two tables provided to elaborate the explanation about the data gathered. The following is the table that shows the result in the percentage by using the formula: P =[pic]100 where P is the percentage, f is the frequency and n is the total number of respondents. It represents the problem that has been enc ountered by the students and likewise by the instructors.A total of 390 respondents participated in the survey, 6 from the employee and 384 from the customers. Table 1 Distribution of Responses on the Problems Encountered on the Current Manual Library Management System of ADFC |Problems Encountered |Respondent |Average |Rank | | |(384) | | | | |No. |% | | | |Slow processing of |197 |51. 30% |75. 5% |3 | |borrowing books | | | | | |Slow retrieval of books |249 |64. 85% |82. 43% |1 | |Redundancy of work in |235 |61. 20% |80. 6% |2 | |recording the status of | | | | | |books | | | | | |Bulky and unorganized |177 |46. % |73. 05% |4 | |files of the book | | | | | |records in the library | | | | | |Unsystematic procedures |78 |20. 31% |60. 16% |5 | |in recording files in | | | | | |the library | | | | |Table 1 show that certain problems do really exist in the current Manual Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College. Out of 390 respondents from both staff and studen ts, 197 of them answered Slow processing of borrowing books, 249 of them also said, Slow retrieval of books, 235 of them answered Redundancy of work in recording the status of books, 177 of them answered Bulky and unorganized files of the book records in the library, 78 of them answered Unsystematic procedures in recording files in the library. A total of 390 respondents participated from both students and instructors in the survey.The researcher used the System Development Life Cycle, because it is a common methodology for system in many organizations, featuring several phases that mark the progress of system analysis and design effort. The specific steps and their sequence are meant to be adapted as required in every project. System Development Life Cycle used in an organization is an orderly set of activities conducted and planned for each development project. In fact System Development Life Cycle is a traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replaced information sy stems. Fig. 4. 1 System Development Life CycleThe first phase of the System Development Life Cycle is Project Identification and Selection. This first phase is initializing that before anything, all information must be carried out for identifying and analyzing, its flow or the whole system work well. In this phase, the researchers identify what system to be proposed that will fit to the said establishment. The second phase is Project Initiation and Planning is explained and an argument for continuing with the project is presented; a detailed plan is also developed for conducting the remaining phrases of the System Development Life Cycle for the proposed system.This phase gives its presented data into a detailed form; here the planning of all operation has been done. In this second phase a detailed plan is developed by the researchers for conducting the remaining phases of the System Development Life Cycle for the proposed system. The third phase is Analysis in which current system i s studied and alternative replacement system is proposed. This phase has been utilized to analyze the proposed system is accurate for development or it needs more plans, and it needs critical study to generate initial design to match the said requirements.This phase the researchers analyzed the proposed system if it is accurate to develop and matching the requirements. The fourth phase is Logical Design in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently in any computer platform. This phase indicated that the system can be tied to any hardware, and it is flexible to be implemented on any hardware and system software. In this phase the researchers decided what features to be added to the system to make it functional and flexible to any hardware and software.The fifth phase is Physical Design. This phase that all plan and structured system designed will convert in a specified programming language so that the designer of various parts of the system can perform its physical operation that is necessary to facilitate and capturing data. The fifth phase is where the researchers or specifically the system designer added the physical design of the system. The sixth phase is Implementation in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization. This phase is to mplement the system specification will now come up into a working system; it will be tested and used. Documentation and program training is finalize during implementation. During this phase the researchers tested and installed the system properly and come up to a working system. The researchers finalized the program training and documentation. The final phase is Maintenance where in performance of efficiency and effectiveness is determined. This was the time consuming and effort devoted, just to maintain its capability of performance as desired; so when an error arises the team who made the project will do the change s.By using this cycle the sequence of the following phases can be easily understood, and error will be easily detected if there are any problems. For this cycle helps a lot in this job in a specified assignment. Table 2 Distribution of Responses of the Input Needed to Develop the New System |Inputs Needed |Employees (6) |Rank | | |No. |% | | |Book Title |6 |100% |4 | |Book Author |4 |66. % |9 | |Book Subject |6 |100% |4 | |Search by Title |6 |100% |4 | |Search by Author |6 |100% |4 | |Search by Subject |6 |100% |4 | |Book issued/Borrowed |5 |83. 3% |8 | |Availabilty of the book |6 |100% |4 | |Book Quantity |6 |100% |4 |Table 2 uses the percentage formula P =[pic]100. A total of 6 respondents from the employees participated in the survey. It represents the possible inputs needed by the respondents and the staff in the proposed system. It shows that all criteria given through the inputs are needed in the system. Table 3. 1 Assessment of the Respondents on the Usefulness of the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College |Usefulness of the System |Employee |Interpretation | |1.The system will reduce the burden | | | |of work of the staffs and management. |5. 0 |SA | |2. The system allows for a faster and | |SA | |more accurate data processing. |4. 75 | | |3. The Online Library Management | | | |System is more efficient than the |4. 7 |A | |manual system. | | | |4. The system is user friendly. |3. 84 |A | |Overall Weight Mean |4. 44 |SA | Table 3. 1 represents the usefulness of the newly proposed system in Asian Development Foundation College and based from the evaluation of respondents’ answers, two criteria were interpreted as Strongly Agree (SA). The system will reduce the burden of work of the staffs and management†got the highest rank with an average of mean of 5. 00; followed by the criterion â€Å"The system allows for a faster and more accurate data processing. †with an average mean of 4. 75. On the othe r hand, the two other criterions were interpreted as Agree (A). The criterion â€Å"The Online Library Management System is more efficient than the manual system†has an average mean of 4. 17 meanwhile the criterion. â€Å"The system is user friendly†gained an average mean of 3. 84. Table 3. 2Assessment of the Respondents on Content of the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College |Content of the Computerized Sales and | | | |Inventory System |Employee |Interpretation | |1. The system contains the necessary | | | |information of the â€Å"Library management in | | | |ADFC, Tacloban City. |4. |A | |2. The system is easy to access. |4. 5 |SA | |3. The necessary information is well | | | |presented and organized. |5. 00 |SA | | | | | |Overall Weight Mean |4. 3 |SA | Table 3. 2 shows the result the results on the assessment of the respondents in relation to the content of the newly proposed system. And based from the table, the criterion â €Å"The necessary information is well presented and organized†has the highest remark which is 5. 00 and is interpreted as Strongly Agree (SA). Next to it is â€Å"The system is easy to access†which got an average mean of 4. 5 and interpreted as Strongly Agree (SA). Last in rank which only got an average mean of 4. is â€Å"The system contains the necessary information of the â€Å"Library Management†in Asian Development Foundation College, Tacloban City and is interpreted as Agree (A) by the respondents. Based from the overall weighted mean it is interpreted as Strongly Agree (SA) and got an average mean of 4. 53. CHAPTER V Technical Requirements This Chapter presents the requirements that would be needed to develop the system. These requirements are called technical requirements because these require a lot of skill and training to be able to come up with them. These requirements include.Project Rationale, Project Objectives, Project Description, Constraints of the System, Project Team Organization, Table of Activities, Activity Network, Gantt Chart, Pert Chart, Data Flow Diagram, System Flowchart, Input Process Output Chart, Program Flowchart, Training Plan, Test Plan, Security Plan, Maintenance Plan, Screen Design and Source Codes. Project Rationale It is been observed that the users and operators anticipate for future development, keeping in mind that technology is not a goal in itself but rather a means to an end of manual operations.At the library of Asian Development Foundation College, manual procedures were still observed, thus the team proposed to computerized the process making the purpose of reducing human errors to eventually increase the efficiency. The rationale behind this research focuses on the appropriate application that will help possibly in managing the library as well as giving appropriate answers to the questions needed in maintaining the data about books, borrowing and returning of books, and providing the stude nts a list of available of books in the library.Project Objectives The Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College’s main objective is to provide library functions and services to students or faculty members of the school. Another is to allow a faster and more accurate processing of data to reduce the librarian and her staff’s burden of work. Necessary book information must be presented well and organized to add user friendliness to its users. Access to the system must be easy but must not compromise the system’s security. Project DescriptionThe system was designed and developed primarily for maintaining records of books present in the library and its details. Book information are entered in Book inventory and students or faculty members who borrow or return books are entered in student and faculty registry together with their personal information. To grant access to a guest the system asks for information necessary for validation li ke Id number etc†¦ Books stored in the system can be viewed online. Search filter features are present to guide users on searching books.Information about the student or faculty members was also provided. Constraints of the System The Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College does not generate receipts after every transaction. Because of the library’s rules and regulations the system cannot do reservations, another is, students can only borrow one book at a time. Project Team Organization â€Å"Ego less Team Structure†The group decided to have an ego less team structure in order to build a fair and unbiased project making.They decided this in order that each member will participate or will develop their initiative for the project making all the members of the group were assigned as team leader, programmer, system analyst, encoder and researcher. Figure 5. 1 Team Organizational Structure Job Description System Analyst – The on e who responsible in analyzing the development of the system and suggest some improvements. Leader – The one who leads and organizes the group. Programmer – The one who is responsible in translating the system plan into program that can be understood and interpreted by the computer.Encoder – The one who is responsible for encoding any type of data into the computer, specially the data for the documentation of the study. Researcher – The one who is responsible in researching and collecting data needed in the research. Table of Activities Table 1 | | |Duration |Date |Date |Predecessor | |ID |Name |In Weeks |Started |Finished | | |A |System Planning |0. |06/19/12 |06/23/12 | | | |Selection of research topic |0. 1 |06/19/12 |06/20/12 | | |A1 | | | | | | | |Library research |0. |06/20/12 |06/23/12 |A | |A2 | | | | | | | |System Analysis |2. 1 |06/25/12 |07/10/12 | | |B | | | | | | | |Interview |0. |06/25/12 |06/27/12 |A2 | |B1 | | | | | | | |Documentation |1. 5 |06/28/12 |07/10/12 |B1 | |B2 | | | | | | | |System Design |3. |07/12/12 |08/06/12 | | |C | | | | | | | |Interface Design |2 |07/12/12 |07/26/12 |B1 | |C1 | | | | | | | |Database Design |1. |07/27/12 |08/06/12 |C1 | |C2 | | | | | | | |System Implementation |4. |08/07/12 |09/17/12 | | |D | | | | | | | |Program Coding |3 |08/07/12 |08/28/12 |B2, C2 | |D1 | | | | | | | |System Testing |0. 3 |08/29/12 |09/01/12 |D1 | |D2 | | | | | | |System Debugging |2. 2 |09/02/12 |09/18/12 |D2 | |D3 | | | | | | Time Estimation in Weeks Table 2 | |Time estimate in | | | | | | |ID |Weeks |ET |TE |TL |Slack |Critical | O | R | P |(O + 4R + P) 6 | | |Time |Path | | | | | | | | | | | | A1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0 | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | A2 | 0. 1 |0. 3 |0. 5 |0. 3 |0. 4 |0. 4 |0 | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | B1 | 0. 2 |0. 2 |0. 4 |0. 2 |0. 6 |0. 6 |0 | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | B2 | 1. 3 |1. 5 |1. 6 |1. 5 |2. 1 |2. 1 |0 | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C1 | 1. 5 |2 |2. 2 | 2 |2. 6 |3. 8 |1. 2 | x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1. 5 |1. 3 |3. 9 |5. 1 |1. 2 | x | |C2 |1 |1. 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | D1 | 3 |3 |3. 1 |3 |5. 1 |5. |0 | | | | | | | | | | |( | | D2 | 0. 3 |0. 3 |0. 3 |0. 3 |5. 4 |5. 4 |0 |( | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |D3 |2 |2. 2 |2. 4 |2. 2 |7. 6 |7. 6 |0 |( | | | | | | | | | | | | Activity Network Gantt chart [pic] PERT Chart Data Flow Diagram Admin User System Flowchart [pic] Program Flowchart [pic] [pic] Training Plan The developers are willing to give ten hours of training to the system’s administrators or other users. Before the training starts the developers would need two computer sets (networked) with complete system requirements.For the first two hours the training would focus on the system’s installation procedures; the next two would cover server management and maintenance, the next two hours is for MySQL database management and the last four hours are for the system’s general operati ng procedures. Training will cover: 1. Installation of required hardware and software. 2. Server management and maintenance. 3. MySQL database management. 4. System’s general operating procedures Test PlanTesting is an element of verification denoting the determination of the properties and the characteristics of equipment or components by technical means, including functional operation, and application of established test principles and procedures. System testing is the stage of implementation, which aims at ensuring that the system works accurately and efficiently before actual operation commences. No program or system design is perfect, communication between the user and the designer is not always complete or clear. All this can result in errors. Security PlanThe system is accessed only by enrolled students and faculty members of Asian Development Foundation College. The system will be accessed through inputting the student’s Id number or faculty member’s nam e and password. Access to the system by guest without the said necessary inputs will be denied. To secure the system’s database, a corporate password shall be registered to the local host server. Maintenance Plan The team will conduct trainings to administrators regarding on the system’s database and server maintenance. They will keep in touch in case bugs or glitches are discovered.They will also provide a user’s manual to give administrators better understanding of the system’s functions. Screen Design Chapter VI Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations Summary of Findings Based on observations, the developers found out that the present Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College still maintains its functionality but with continuous data gathering and analysis they also found out that some obstructions are present. One is its accessibility, because the ADFC library is located at the fifth floor of the building and is exh austing going up and down.Time is also wasted when student’s scan books never knowing what they are looking for. These current problems were the developers’ focus to appraise and lead to development of the ADFC’s Online Library Management System. Conclusion From a proper analysis of the proposed Online Library Management System, it can be safely concluded that this application is working properly and meets the users’ requirements. The problems, which existed in the manual system, have been reduced to a large extent. The Online Library Management System will not only improve the efficiency but will also reduce stress thereby improving human functionality.Based from the findings, the researchers confidently conclude the following after a thorough analysis for the present system. 1. That the present manual system will be improved through the development of the Online Library Management System that will provide a faster, easier and more reliable way of inform ation retrieval. 2. That the proposed system will eliminate redundancy of work therefore lesser time will be wasted. 3. Students will now be convinced to visit the library because of the system’s improved accessibility. RecommendationsBased on the findings, and conclusions of the study, the researchers highly recommend the following: 1. Access to the system should be limited only for the administrators (librarian) and users (students/instructors) of ADFC to avoid tampering or unscrupulous act that will change the integrity of the records. 2. Because the library is located on the fifth floor of ADFC, it is advisable to install the OLMS on computers at the ground floor of the building especially on the computer laboratories. 3. Since the coverage of the proposed system is limited.It is advisable that similar studies should be conducted and expanded so that it could provide better and more reliable systems for the next generation of students. APPENDICES Appendix A Letter of Perm ission to Conduct a Study General Operating Procedures Log-in 1. Enter your Username. 2. Enter your Password. 3. Click the â€Å"LOGIN†button to enter OLMS. Book Management 1. Click the â€Å"View†button to view the book. 2. Click the â€Å"Edit†button to edit the book. 3. To view book management. 4. To view ebooks. 5. To register new accounts 6. To view logs. 7. To add new books. 8. To log-out the systemOnline Library 1. To download books. 2. To view books. 3. Type here to search books. Add books 1. Enter the book title. 2. Enter the book edition. 3. Enter book quantity. 4. Enter the book author. 5. Enter the book category. 6. Click â€Å"Add†button to add new category. 7. Click â€Å"Choose File†button to select what book to upload. 8. Save and Cancel button. [pic] â€â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Feedback Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College OUTPUT ? Conducting Researches ? Interview ? Observation ? Questionnaires ? Analysis ? Designing ? Programming ? Debugging Testing PROCESS ? Problems encountered by the management ? Downloaded Materials ? Books ? Hardware and Software INPUTS Where: P=Percentage f =frequency n =no. of Respondents x =[pic] Where: x = WeightedMean †fx = sum of the product of Fr? fx = sum of the product of Frequency (f) And Weight (x) n = Number of respondents Project Identification And Selection Project Initiation and Planning Analysis Logical Design Physical Design Implementation Maintenance System Analyst Leader Programmer Researcher Encoder Legend: Critical( Non-Criticalx TL = 0. 6 TE = 0. 6 ET = 0. 2 B1 A2 A1 S TL = 0. TE = 0. 4 ET = 0. 3 TL = 0. 1 TE = 0. 1 ET = 0. 1 TL = 0 TE = 0 ET = 0 TL = 2. 1 TE = 2. 1 ET = 1. 5 B2 TL = 3. 8 TE = 2. 6 ET = 2 C1 TL = 5. 1 TE = 5. 1 ET = 3 C2 D1 TL = 5. 1 TE = 3. 9 ET = 1. 3 TL = 5. 4 TE = 5. 4 ET = 0. 3 D2 TL = 7. 6 TE = 7. 6 ET = 2. 2 TL = 7. 6 TE = 7. 6 ET = 0 F D3 Legend Critical P ath Non Critical Path Legend: Critical path Non Critical path System Planning A 0. 4 06/19/12 06/20/12 Library Research A2 0. 3 06/20/12 06/23/12 Interview B1 0. 2 06/25/12 06/27/12 Documentation B2 1. 5 06/28/12 07/10/12 Selection of Research Topic A1 0. 1 06/19/12 06/20/12System Analysis B 2. 1 06/25/12 07/10/12 System Design C 3. 4 07/12/12 08/06/12 Interface Design C1 2 07/12/12 07/26/12 Database Design C2 1. 3 07/27/12 08/06/12 System Implementation D 4. 3 08/07/12 09/17/12 Program Coding D1 3 08/07/12 08/28/12 System Testing D2 0. 3 08/29/12 09/01/12 Activity Name Activity ID Start Finished Duration System Debugging D3 2. 2 09/02/12 09/18/12 LEGEND Non Critical Path Critical Path 1. 1 Verify Username & Password Level 1 Log-in Admin 1. 3 Open System Admin 1. 2Security Database Level 2 2. 2 Select Book 2. 4Database 2. 3 Check Book 2. 1 Search AdminLevel 3 OK 3. 3 Validate 3. 2 Save? 3. 1 Add Book Admin Admin 3. 4 Save 3. 5Database Level 4 4. 4 Edit? 4. 2 Validate 4. 5 Update Adm in 4. 1 Select 4. 6Database 4. 3Database Admin Admin Level 5 5. 4 Delete? 5. 2 Validate 5. 1 Select 5. 5 Delete 5. 6Database 5. 3Database Admin 1. 2Database Level 1 Log-in 1. 1 Verify Username & Password User User 1. 3 Open System 2. 2 Select Book 2. 1 Search 2. 4Database 2. 3 Open Book Level 2 User Logo Online Library Management System of ADFC eBook Management Library Management List of books Filter Logout 2 1 3 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 6 8 5 7
Saturday, January 4, 2020
The motives of students - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2569 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to know the students motive to buy sport shoes. This study will aid in gaining insights in students consumer behavior, motives behind purchase decision of sport shoes and understand the dynamics of purchase decision with regard to the sport shoes and thereby help in formulating customized marketing strategies. Objective of the study:- To know the customer satisfaction level and their perception regarding different sport shoes. To know the motive behind purchasing the sport shoes. To know the consumer preference towards the sport shoes. SCOPE OF THE STUDY:- The scope of the study is confined to LPU CAMPUS (LSB). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The motives of students" essay for you Create order NEED OF THE STUDY:- One way in which research different from other forms of inquiry is that one needs to justify virtually everything that is done. Every aspect of the study design has influence on what will be learnt from the study This study will aid in gaining insights in consumer behavior, to know the motives of the students in sport shoes and understand the dynamics of purchase decision regarding sport shoes. This study is an attempt to explore the consumer buying behavior towards sport shoes. Conclusion:- The final result is that, students take their decision to buy the sport shoes for their need as well as due to their social ego. In our finding we have seen that most of the people want to buy sport shoes due to recommend by other people. Students buy branded shoes because its premium price, different good looks, and they feel self satisfaction with respect to their living environment. Most of the students are satisfied with sport shoes and they are likely to recommend it to others. Student want to buy only branded sport shoes from branded company. Executive summary The motive approach to personality assumes that behavior reflects a set of underlying needs. As a need becomes more intense, it is more likely to influence what behavior is done. Behavior is also influenced by press: external stimuli that elicit motivational tendencies. Needs vary in strength from moment to moment, but people also differ from each other in patterns of chronic need intensities. Acc ording to this viewpoint, this difference is the source of individual differences in personality. The motive to overcome obstacles and to attain goals. People with high levels of the achievement motive behave differently from those with lower levels in several ways: the kinds of tasks they prefer, the level of task difficulty they prefer, their degree of persistence, and their performance levels. The need for power the motive to be strong compared to other people has also been studied extensively. People who score high in this need tend to seek out positions of influence, to surround themselves with the trappings of power, and to become aroused when the groups they are guiding experience difficulties. People with high levels of the power motive tend to choose as friends people who arent influential or popular, thereby protecting themselves from undesired competition. Power-motivated men prefer wives who are dependent, and these wives tend not to have their own careers. The power mot ive can lead to unpleasant forms of social influence unless its tempered by a sense of responsibility. The need for affiliation, another need from Murrays list, is the desire to spend time with other people, to develop and maintain relationships. People who score high in this need are responsive to social influence, spend a relatively large proportion of their time communicating with other people, and when alone often think about being with others. People high in this need want warm, close, and communicative relationships with other persons. People with strong intimacy needs tend to spend more time in one-to-one interaction and less in groups. They tend to engage in interactions that involve lots of self-disclosure and are especially concerned about their friends well-being. Recent research has also begun to investigate patterns of motives, such as inhibited power motive. This pattern is defined by having more of a need for power than a need for affiliation and by restraining the po wer need. People with this pattern do well in managerial careers, but the pattern has also been linked to political orientations preceding wars. Most of the emphases of this view on personality concerns needs and motives, but the theorists of this view also use other concepts in talking about behavior. Incentive value, the extent to which a given action will satisfy a given need for a person, helps to explain why people with the same need express the need in different ways. Expectancy, the apparent likelihood of success, helps determine whether people pursue incentives. Review of literature Motives for purchase decision-making: combining attribution and functional approaches: (2001) by PAULA J.HAYNES1*andMARILYN M.HELMSdagger; The motivations which lead to consumer decisions have been given relatively little research attention, since motivations are difficult to quantify. Underdog consumption: An exploration into meanings and motives(2003)- by Lee Phillip McGinnis and James W. Gentry Department of Marketing, Washburn University, Henderson 310-K, 1700 SW College Ave, Topeka, KS 66621, United States .Department of Marketing, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0492, This article examines the motives for underdog support through in-depth interviews and a focus group. Uncovering retail shopping motives of Indian (2005) by Pavleen Kaur, Raghbir Singh Journal:2007Volume:8Issue:2Page:128 138ISSN:1747-3616 Publisher:Emerald Group Publishing Limited. The retail boom in India brings tremendous opportunities for foreign as well as domestic players. The changing lifestyle of the Indian consumer makes it imperative for the retailers to understand the patterns of consumption. The article tells about the buying motives behavior of the Indian regarding retail shop Motives for and consequences of reading internet book reviews:(1998) by Author(s):Yun Kuei Huang, Wen I. Yang Journal:The Electronic Library Year:2008Volume:26Issue:1This paper aims to present an exploratory investigation that was used to understand consumer motives for reading internet book reviews as well as the effects of these reviews on purchasing behavior. Predicting satellite radio adoption via listening motives, activity, and format preference. : (2000)-ByLin, Carolyn A. Publication:Journal of Broadcasting Electronic MediaAs the 21st century begins, the radio industry remains largely unchanged in its content offerings. Radios economic structure has been greatly transformed, however, by the liberation of license ownership restrictions stemming from 1996 Telecommunications Act. Large-scale ownership consolidation. Reference group influence on teenagers consumer behavior (1995) by Taacute;rkaacute;nyi Eszter, Joacute;zsa Laacute;szloacute;, Szeacute;chenyi Istvaacute;n University This paper gives a short review on the nature of reference group influence and points out the specific features of young peoples consumer behaviour. Social entrepreneurship: understanding consumer motives for buying The Big Issue(2003) by Sally A. Hibbert *, Gillian Hogg, Theresa Quinn Correspondence to Sally A. Hibbert, Nottingham University Business School, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK. This paper examines consumer response to a particular social entrepreneurship initiative, The Big Issue. Focusing on consumer motivation, the research explores the utilitarian value of the product as compared to the desire to help the homeless as the primary motivation for purchase. The research found that, although the utilitarian value partly motivated purchase. Peer influence on young adults products purchase decisions (1998) by R Makgosa and K Mohube University of Botswana, Faculty of Business, Department of Marketing, Gaborone, Botswana. There are some people that an individual keeps in mind when making a purchase. Usually, such people disseminate opinions and other individuals are pressured into following their trend, becoming associated with them and using them as a standard of their purchase decisions. Such people are known as reference groups and they include entertainment figures, sports heroes, political leaders, parents, co-workers, teachers and peers. Do customer satisfaction and perceived motive fairness matter (2004) by ChristianHomburg1WayneD.Hoyer2and NicoleKoschate1AbstractMost of the previous research on price changes has focused on price decreases. This article investigates the effects of price increases at an individual level. The authors argue those customers reactions to price increases strongly driven by two factors: the magnitude of the price increase and the perceived fairness of the motive for the price increase. The Consumption Pattern of Indian Consumers (2007): Choice between Traditional lands Organized Retail Mridula S. Mishra Indian Institue of Foreign Trade organized retail has started to spread its roots in the Indian market since past one decade and is gradually making mark among all sections of the society. This paper tries to explore the way organized retail has dramatically changed not only the Indian traditional retailing structure by also the consumption behavior. Introduction to the organization Leather industry of India is the core strength of the Indian footwear industry. It is the engine of growth for the entire Indian leather industry and India is the second largest global producer of footwear after China. Reputed global brands like Florsheim, Nunn Bush, Stacy Adams, Gabor, Clarks, Nike, Reebok, Ecco, Deichmann, Elefanten, St Michaels, Hasley, Salamander and Colehaan are manufactured under license in India. Besides, many global retail chains seeking quality products at competitive prices are actively sourcing footwear from India. While leather shoes and uppers are produced in medium to large-scale units, the sandals and chappals are produced in the household and cottage sector. The industry is poised for adopting the modern and state-of-the-art technology to suit the exacting international requirements and standards. India produces more of gents footwear while the worlds major production is in ladies footwear. In the case of chapels and sandals, use of non-leather material is prevalent in the domestic market. Leather footwear exported from India are dress shoes, casuals, moccasins, sport shoes, horrachies, sandals, ballerinas, boots. Non-leather footwear exported from India are Shoes, Sandals and Chappals made of rubber, plastic, P.V.C. and other materials. With changing lifestyles and increasing affluence, domestic demand for footwear is projected to grow at a faster rate than has been seen. There are already many new domestic brands of footwear and many foreign brands such as Nike, Adidas, Puma, Reebok, Florsheim, Rockport, etc. have also been able to enter the market. The footwear sector has matured from the level of manual footwear manufacturing methods to automated footwear manufacturing systems. The Indian Footwear Industry is gearing up to leverage its strengths towards maximizing benefits. Strength of India in the footwear sector originates from its command on reliable supply of resources in the form of raw hides and skins, quality finished leather, large installed capacities for production of finished leather footwear, large human capital with expertise and technology base, skilled manpower and relatively low cost labor, proven strength to produce footwear for global brand leaders and acquired technology competence, particularly for mid and high priced footwear segments. Resource strength of India in the form of materials and skilled manpower is a comparative advantage for the country. Research Methodology Research means a search for knowledge or gain some new knowledge and methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge. A research methodology has a specified framework for collecting the data in an effective manner. Research methodology means defining the problem, defining the research objective, developing the research plan, collecting th e information, analyzing the information and presentation of findings. Such framework is called Research design . The research process that was followed by me in my project is consists of following steps:- Defining the problem, Developing the research plan, Collection of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Presentation of findings, The Research problem To measure the motives of the students to buy a sport shoes. The research plan I have covered the following steps in development of the research plan Data source Research approach Type of research design Research instruments Sampling plan Sampling unit Sample size Questionnaire design DATA SOURCE Two types of data Primary data Secondary data Primary data Primary data is a data which did not exist earlier and is being collected by the researcher first time for its specific objective. In other words, direct collection of data from the source of information, including personal interview, telephonic interview, with the help of questionnaire. I have collected primary data through survey method by making respondents fill the questionnaire. Secondary data Any data which have been collected earlier for some purpose are the secondary data. Indirect collection of data from source containing past or recent past information like companys brochures, annual publication, books etc. Secondary sources are used in my research is Text books, Internet sites, Newspaper articles, Brochures. RESEARCH APPROACH Survey is best suited for descriptive and analytical research. Survey are undertaken to learn about peoples knowledge, beliefs, preferences, satisfaction and so on and to measure these magnitudes in the general public. Therefore, I have done this survey for descriptive and analytical research process. Descriptive research includes surveys, and fact finding inquiries of different kinds. The main purpose of descriptive of the state of affairs is noted down and analytical research used to analyze the material and facts. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS Questionnaire Questionnaire (also known as self-administered survey) is a type of statistical survey handed out in paper form usually to a specific demographic to gather information in order to provide better services or goods. A document contains a set of questions that has been specially formulated as a means of collecting information and surveying opinions etc on a specified subject or these, etc. A questionnaire was constructed for my survey. SAMPLING PLAN Sample is a group of few items which represents the population or universe from where it has been taken. The sampling plan calls for three decision. Sample unit Sample size Contact methods Sample unit: Who is to be surveyed the target population must be defined that has to be sampled. It is necessary so as develop a sample frame so that everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being sampled. I have completed my survey in LPU CAMPUS (LSB). Sample size: 50 respondents. The sample was drawn from people having different educational qualification, age group, occupation and income. The selection of the respondents was done on the basis of simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is the techniques in which every item in the universe and population has an equal choice of being selected in the sample researcher has not role to play or he cannot influence the selection process there is no possibility of biasness. It can easily assess the accuracy of estimate. Contact method Once the sampling plan has been determined the questionnaire is how the subject should be contracted i.e. by telephone interview, personal interview, observation, mai l etc; here in my survey, I have contracted the respondents through interviews. QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN There are 10 questions in the questionnaire and all these questions from 50 respondents in LPU CAMPUS (LSB). COLLECTING THE INFORMATION After this, information is collected from the respondents with the help of questionnaire. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The next step is to extract the pertinent findings from the collected data. Collected data is tabulated and developed frequency distribution. Thus, the whole data was grouped aspect wise and was presented in tabular form. Thus, frequencies and percentage were prepared to render impact of study. PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS This was the last step of survey. The findings have been presented both in tabular and graphical form.
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